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Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
WEBThe Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index of plant “greenness” or photosynthetic activity, and is one of the most commonly used vegetation indices. Vegetation indices are based on the observation that different surfaces reflect different types of light differently. Photosynthetically active vegetation, in particular
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Tools & Databases
WEBDatabase for Inventory, Monitoring, and Assessment (DIMA) The Database for Inventory, Monitoring and Assessment is a highly customizable software tool for data collection, management, and interpretation. It is a free Microsoft Access database that can easily be used without extensive knowledge of Access.
5.1 Indicators and Methods
WEBVideo Presentation Learning Guide Ecosystem Attributes In order to understand the importance of indicators and methods, it is necessary to first know about ecosystem attributes. Simply put, an ecosystem attribute is a complex variable that represents the status of a suite of related ecological properties (e.g., species composition) and …
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health
WEBThe Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health (IIRH) protocol is designed for assessing ecosystem function on rangelands and woodlands. The protocol was developed by an interagency cadre of technical experts and has been in use by for two decades. The protocol is well accepted and is a valuable tool for communicating rangeland conditions …
12.1 Plant Community Composition, Diversity, and Similarity
WEBDiversity is defined as the distribution and abundance of different plants and animals within an area. Thus, it is an attribute comprised of two components — richness and evenness. Richness is the number of groups of genetically or functionally related individuals. In most vegetation surveys, richness is expressed as the number of plant
Setting Benchmarks – Assessment, Inventory,
WEBSetting Benchmarks. Setting benchmarks for indicators is a necessary but often challenging step in defining monitoring objectives. Benchmarks should be based on knowledge of the potential of the land and conditions needed to sustain desired ecosystem structure, function, and ecosystem services. For example, the BLM has set a number of
Monitoring Manual, 2nd Edition
WEBThe Monitoring Manual is currently in its second edition and has been revised to reflect input from multiple agencies and experts as well as direct field testing of the methods. The changes in the second edition include: The first edition (first published in 2005 and reprinted in 2009) can be found with other monitoring manuals here.
10.1 Biomass and Production Overview
WEBBiomass: Total amount of living plants and animals above and below ground in an area at a given time. Phytomass: Total amount of plant biomass in an area, including attached dead material, both above and belowground at a given time. Primary Production: Total amount of organic material produced within a given period by vegetation.
Benchmarks – Assessment, Inventory, & Monitoring Toolbox
WEBBenchmarks are a key component of every monitoring objective. Benchmarks are indicator values, or ranges of values, that establish desired conditions and are meaningful for management. Benchmarks are used to determine if observed indicator values at assessed points (i.e., monitoring reaches or plots) are within the range of desired conditions.
Monitoring Design
WEBSuccessful monitoring programs are focused on measuring indicators that are sensitive to changes in key ecosystem attributes. To effectively identify and interpret changes in indicator over time we need to understand how management and other disturbances, such as drought, affect the land. Conceptual ecosystem models are helpful for organizing
Methods & Manuals
WEBMethods and Manuals. Natural systems are inherently variable across space and time – a fact that makes inventory, assessment, and monitoring very challenging. For this reason it is paramount that the process of monitoring does not introduce any additional variability into measurements of a system due to ineffective or poorly executed methods.
Other Monitoring & Assessment Manuals
WEBThe goal of the Habitat Assessment Framework is to provide policy makers, resource managers, and specialists with a framework for the conservation of sagebrush ecosystems across the landscape. This involves landscape-scale mapping and monitoring and provides standardized methods to help gather data locally that can apply to greater-scale
BLM AIM Strategy (Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring)
WEBThe Bureau of Land Management’s AIM (Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring) strategy, published in 2011, was developed to allow land managers to gather data in a consistent and efficient manner, to be used at the field office, regional and national levels. The AIM strategy provides methods, protocols, and principles for collecting quantitative
Enhanced Vegetation Index
WEBThe enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was developed as an alternative vegetation index to address some of the limitations of the NDVI. The EVI was specifically developed to: correct for canopy background signals. EVI tends to be more sensitive to plant canopy differences like leaf area index (LAI), canopy structure, and plant phenology and stress
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